Volume 202
Articles
pp 269 -289
Who Believes Propaganda? Media Effects during the Anti-Japanese Protests in Beijing
Daniela Stockmann
Abstract : The Chinese media have undergone commercial liberalization during the reform era. Interviews with media practitioners reveal that media reform has brought about three different types of newspapers that differ with respect to their degree of commercial liberalization. Based on a natural experiment during the anti-Japanese protests in Beijing in 2005, this article shows that urban residents found more strongly commercialized newspapers more persuasive than less commercialized newspapers. Provided that the state can enforce press restrictions when needed, commercial liberalization promotes the ability of the state to influence public opinion through the means of the news media.
pp 290 -306
Images of the World: Studying Abroad and Chinese Attitudes towards International Affairs
Donglin Han and David Zweig
Abstract：Since the late 19th century many Chinese leaders have studied abroad, mostly in Japan, the US or the former Soviet Union. Recently, thousands are returning from studying overseas. Is this new cohort of returnees more internationalist than Chinese who do not study abroad? If their values differ and they join China's elite, they could influence China's foreign policy. Drawing on surveys of returnees from Japan and Canada over the past 15 years, we compare their views on “co-operative internationalism” and “assertive nationalism” with the attitudes of China's middle class drawn from a nationwide survey in 2006. Our returnees are both more “internationalist” than the middle class and less nationalistic. So they are likely to support China's increasing international role and perhaps constrain China's growing nationalist sentiment.
Pp307-326
Agency Empowerment through the Administrative Litigation Law: Court Enforcement of Pollution Levies in Hubei Province
Xuehua Zhang,
Leonard Ortolano
Zhongmei LüAbstract
Abstract：The existing literature on China's 1989 Administrative Litigation Law (ALL) has rarely discussed a minor provision that permits administrative agencies to enlist court assistance in enforcing administrative decisions. Focusing on court enforcement of pollution levies, this study examines how and why ALL has been employed so extensively by administrative agencies, environmental protection bureaus (EPBs) in this context. The study is based on interviews with judges, EPB officials and polluters involved in court actions as well as court statistical data from 1992 to 2005 for Hubei province. EPBs' heavy reliance on court enforcement for collecting pollution levies and fines resulted from incentives that encouraged the formation of mutually beneficial relationships between courts and EPBs in the 1990s. Court involvement has enhanced EPBs' enforcement powers, but the courts' engagement in enforcement has neither curtailed EPBs' arbitrary exercise of discretionary power nor induced polluters to reduce waste discharges.
pp 327 -343
Is Chinese Education Underfunded?
Andrew Kipnis
Shanfeng Li
Abstract：Scholarship on education in China has correctly emphasized the massive inequalities in reform era educational funding. In describing these inequalities, however, scholars have made dubious claims about the supposedly low level of funding for education in China in relation to other countries. In this article, we examine the statistics on which this claim is based and detail the ways in which education is funded in China that do not get counted in the statistics. We conclude that though funding for education in China is unequal, the total level of such funding may not be low. Moreover, the official statistics are not a reliable guide to comparative discussions of educational funding.
pp 344 -361
Affirmative Action, Economic Reforms, and Han–Uyghur Variation in Job Attainment in the State Sector in Urumchi
Xiaowei Zang
Abstract：Have workers of minority status suffered labour market discrimination in China? Do all actors in the state sector discriminate against minority workers? What are the rationales for discrimination? To address these questions, I compare two ethnic groups (Han Chinese and Uyghur) with regard to job attainment in the state sector. Data are from a 2005 survey (N = 2,947) conducted in Ürümchi, China. Data analysis shows that controlling background characteristics does not remove the Uyghur–Han difference in job attainment in state firms. However, there is no ethnic variation in employment in redistributive agencies. This contrast is explained with reference to post-1978 market transition and the resulting differentiation in the institutional tasks between state firms and government agencies.
pp 362 -380
Northern Exposure: Cross-Regionalism and the China–Iceland Preferential Trade Negotiations
Marc Lanteigne
Abstract
An increasingly visible facet of China's commercial diplomacy has been its pursuit of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) with small and medium-sized economies outside Asia. China's PTAs, completed or under negotiation, have indicated both a conservative approach and an increasing comfort level with cross-regional trade negotiations. The China–Iceland PTA negotiations since 2006 illustrate this new thinking. Although the island state has a considerably smaller economy, China has perceived the negotiations as being undertaken between equals as well as an important bilateralism model. A successful deal will further demonstrate a new stage in Chinese commercial diplomacy and its approach to bilateral trade as well as a determination to engage the European economy even through a “side door” approach. However, in light of Iceland's banking crisis and deep recession in late 2008, Beijing has also had to address the uncertainties of negotiating with small states in a time of global economic uncertainty.
pp 381 -399
Making Heritage in Hong Kong: A Case Study of the Central Police Station Compound
Agnes Shuk-mei Ku
Abstract：This article is a case study of state–society–capital conflicts over the preservation of the Central Police Station (CPS) compound in Hong Kong during 2003–08. The conflict was between two fundamentally different approaches to urban space: a cultural economy approach that took culture and space as a source of economic profit, and an opposition discourse of preservation that emphasized cultural, historical and humanistic values as an end. The struggle turned out to be a moderate success for anti-commercialism. Drawing on and extending the notions of collective memory and spatial politics, this article examines how the various civil society actors, in their struggle against commercialism, sought to define and enhance the cultural value of the site through a variety of discourses and practices relating to history and space. It addresses the specific question of why and how certain constructions of collective memory succeed (or fail) to work with certain places in particular instances. The study shows that memories of the CPS compound contained both state-associated and people-associated accounts, between which the former prevailed. The state-associated account was embedded in a familiar, hegemonic story about Hong Kong, which, via an abstract process of symbolization around the notion of the rule of law, successfully turned the compound into an iconic symbol of identification for the city. Beyond this, the civil society actors sought also to generate a sense of lived space associated with the people, and the outcome was mixed.
pp 400 -420
The Anti–Unity Sect Campaign and Mass Mobilization in the Early People's Republic of China
Chang-tai Hung
Abstract：The anti-Unity Sect campaign (1949–53), a precursor to the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries (the zhenfan movement), was one of the Chinese Communists' most violent policies to root out a perceived evil cult in China. This article argues that the drive was never simply a religious crusade. It was essentially a mass mobilization for the purpose of consolidating the Communists' power and legitimacy. Through a host of propaganda channels, including media attacks and public trials, the Communists dealt a crippling blow to the sect. The mobilization campaign turned many citizens into supporters and agents of the government, and its tactics would soon be mimicked in subsequent political movements.
Research Report
pp 421 -434
A Survey Report on Chinese Journalists in China
Fen Lin
Abstract：This report presents a portrait of contemporary liberal Chinese journalists. Compared with the national average ten years ago, a typical journalist in Guangzhou is younger, better-educated and more likely to be female, and less likely to be a Communist Party member. The survey shows that the literati value coexists with both the modern professional and Party journalism value during the current journalistic professionalization. Such coexistence results in a complexity in journalists' attitude and behaviour. Journalists tend to be inactively liberal: possessing liberal attitudes but not engaging themselves in action. The survey also reports evidence on the contingency of journalistic behaviour logic. Professional logic shows its popularity when journalists encounter conflicts involving legal, economic and political concerns, but not in cases involving moral or cultural conflicts. Neither professional nor commercial logic is strong enough to oppose political logic when journalists are handling severe political issues.
In Memoriam
pp 435 -442
Ellis Joffe (1934–2010)
Harlan Jencks
Harlan JencksHarlan Jencks is a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley.
Book Reviews
pp 443 -444
China: The Pessoptimist Nation. William A. Callahan. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. xiv + 266 pp. $45.00. ISBN 978-0-19-954995-5
Peter Hays Gries
pp 444 -446
The Dragon's Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa. Deborah Bräutigam. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. xv + 397 pp. £18.99. ISBN 978-0-19-955022-7
Philip Hsiaopong Liu
pp 446 -447
Billions of Entrepreneurs: How China and India are Reshaping their Futures and Yours. Tarun Khanna. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2008. viii + 353 pp. £16.99; €21.90. ISBN 978-1-4221-0383-8
Pallavi Aiyar
pp 447 -449
States' Gains, Labor's Losses: China, France, and Mexico Choose Global Liaisons, 1980–2000. Dorothy Solinger. Ithaca, NY, and London: Cornell University Press. xiv + 245 pp. $45.00. ISBN: 978-0-8014-4777-8
Ho-Fung Hung
pp 449 -450
Maritime Security in the South China Sea: Regional Implications and International Cooperation. Edited by Shicun Wu and Keyuan Zou. Farnham, Hants, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2009. xi + 272 pp. $99.95. ISBN 978-0-75467-727-7
Marc Lanteigne
pp 450 -451
Piracy and the State: The Politics of Intellectual Property Rights in China. Martin Dimitrov. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. xviii + 307 pp. £50.00; $85.00. ISBN 978-0-521-89731-0
Randall Peerenboom
pp 452 -453
Village China under Socialism and Reform: A Micro-History, 1948–2008. Huanyin Li. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2009. xv + 402 pp. $65.00. ISBN 978-0-8047-5974-8
Jin Di
pp 453 -455
Reclaiming Chinese Society: The New Social Activism. Edited by You-Tien Hsing and Ching Kwan Lee. London and New York: Routledge, 2010. xii + 254 pp. £85.00. ISBN 978-0-415-49137-2
Patricia M. Thornton
pp 455 -456
Suicide and Justice: A Chinese Perspective. Wu Fei. London and New York: Routledge, 2010. xxiv + 216 pp. £85.00. ISBN 978-0-415-55171-7
Zhang Jie
pp 456 -458
Voices in Revolution. Poetry and the Auditory Imagination in Modern China. John A. Crespi. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2009. 228 pp. $47.00. ISBN 978-0-8248-3365-7
Cosima Bruno
pp 458 -460
Xian shu xian hua (Random Thoughts on Idle Books). Zhu Xiao Di. Guilin: Guangxi shifan daxue chubanshe, 2009. 205 pp. RMB20.00. ISBN 978-7-5633-8442-6
Ross Terrill
pp 460 -462
The Beijing Red Guard Movement: Fractured Rebellion. Andrew G. Walder. Cambridge, MA, and London: Harvard University Press, 2009. xii + 400 pp. ISBN 978-0-674-03503-4
Daniel Leese
pp 462 -463
Wu Han, Historian: Son of China's Times. Mary G. Mazur. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2009. xiii + 514 pp. $110.00. ISBN 978-0-7391-2456-0
Xiaomei Chen
pp 463 -465
Women's Movements in Twentieth-Century Taiwan. Doris T. Chang. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2009. xi + 228 p. $26.95. ISBN 978-0-252-03395-7
Louise Edwards
pp 465 -467
Honorable Survivor: Mao's China, McCarthy's America, and the Persecution of John S. Service. Lynne Joiner. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2009. 450 pp, $37.95. ISBN 978-1-59114-423-6
Lyman P. van Slyke
pp 468 -470
Lives in Chinese Music. Edited by Helen Rees. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2009. xii + 223 pp. $45.00. ISBN 978-0-252-03379-7
The Last of China's Literati: The Music, Poetry, and Life of Tsar Teh-yun. By Bell Yung. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2008. xviii + 180 pp. $35.50. ISBN 978-962-209-916-6
Rowan Pease
pp 470 -471
Shanghai's Dancing World: Cabaret Culture and Urban Politics 1919–1954. Andrew David Field. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2010. xv + 364 pp. $45.00. ISBN 978-962-996-373-6 false preview Abstract Article Structure Figures and Tables References Kerry Brown
pp 472 -473
Reading Shenbao: Nationalism, Consumerism and Individuality in China, 1919–37. Weipin Tsai. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. xxi + 249 pp. $55.00. ISBN 978-0-230-01982-9
Barbara Mittler
pp 473 -475
Missions to China's Heartland: The Letters of Hazel Todd of the China Inland Mission, 1920–1941. Edited by Robert Gardella. Portland, ME: MerwinAsia, 2009. xviii + 237 pp. $45.00. ISBN 9781878282910
Daniel H. Bays
pp 475 -476
Poppies and Politics in China: Sichuan Province, 1840s–1940s. Xiaoxiong Li. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2009. 308 pp. $61.50; £52.50. ISBN 978-0-87413-054-6
Edward R. Slack
Books Received
pp 477 -481
Books Received(January–March 2010)
Addenda
pp 482 -534
Quarterly chronicle and documentation(January–March 2010)
pp 535 -537
Contributors