中文摘要：
  在中国，农民占多数，长期以来被视为传统保守的力量。长期日常农业生产方式下形成的农民理性，在农业社会内部的功效是有限的，主要是生存理性。而这种理性以其惯性进入工商业社会后会形成扩张势态，产生一种农民理性与工业社会优势结合的“叠加优势”，释放出其在传统农业社会和现代工商业社会都未有的巨大能量。要理解“中国奇迹”，必须理解中国农民；要理解农民，必须理解农民理性。以农民理性中的关键性词语来说明农民理性扩张是如何造就“中国奇迹”的，需要跳出传统与现代二元对立的思维定式，高度重视社会变革中的民性、民情及民意。

英文摘要：
  The Extension of the Rationalism of the Peasantry: an Analysis of the Key Actors behind the “China Miracle”—A Challenge to the Existing Theories and a New Analytical Framework .Xu Yong.Demographically, peasants have long constituted the vast majority of the total Chinese population. Politically, they have consistently been perceived as a very conservative force. Their rationalism, formed during the long-term mode of agricultural production, could only play a very limited role within typical agricultural society. Such rationalism may well be defined as “rationalism for survival.” However, this kind of rationalism has witnessed a dramatic expansion since China embarked on reform and opening-up. We argue that once combined with industrialism, “rationalism for survival” may have produced “added advantages” for Chinese society. As a result, Chinese peasants have released a huge potential energy never seen in Chinese agricultural society. This paper argues that a true understanding of Chinese peasants should precede the understanding of the “China miracle” and a true understanding of “rationalism” among Chinese peasants should precede the understanding of Chinese peasants. To understand how Chinese peasants created the “China miracle”, we need to abandon the traditional dualistic model of conflict characterized by traditionalism vs. modernity and pay special attention to the true feelings of the Chinese peasants.